Fwd: Cancer of the esophagus and stomach.

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From: HubMed - cancer <rssfwd@rssfwd.com>
Date: Sat, Jun 7, 2008 at 2:25 AM
Subject: Cancer of the esophagus and stomach.
To: mesothelioma77@gmail.com


[1]Mayo Clin Proc. 2008 Jun; 83(6): 712-22
Khushalani N

Upper gastrointestinal tumors involving the esophagus and the stomach are a serious public health problem worldwide. The West has seen a dramatic increase in the incidence of gastroesophageal cancers in the past 2 decades. Although Barrett esophagus has been well characterized, the exact pathway to developing frank malignancy remains undefined. Current treatments for locoregional disease include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or some combination thereof. Clinical trials are currently investigating biologic agents that target signaling pathways in carcinogenesis. Whether this research translates into an improved therapeutic index remains to be seen. This review provides a comprehensive update to physicians and residents who contribute to the care of these patients. Studies in the English language were identified searching PubMed (January 1, 1980, through February 29, 2008) using the terms esophagus, gastric, carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, squamous cell, radiation, chemotherapy, surgery, esophagectomy, and targeted therapy.



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Source: http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=18533089
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Fwd: An integrated system to deliver impulsive radiation force and to image induced transient strain for monitoring focused ultrasound surgery.

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From: HubMed - breast cancer <rssfwd@rssfwd.com>
Date: Sat, Jun 7, 2008 at 2:25 AM
Subject: An integrated system to deliver impulsive radiation force and to image induced transient strain for monitoring focused ultrasound surgery.
To: mesothelioma77@gmail.com


[1]J Acoust Soc Am. 2008 May; 123(5): 3793
Berry G, Bamber J, Ma Y, Rivens I, Ter Haar G

Thermal coagulation of tissue causes an approximate three-fold increase in stiffness, which can be easily detected by various elasticity imaging methods. Advantages have been reported, for application to breast cancer diagnosis, of an elasticity imaging method that applies a highly localised transient stress deep within the tissue using a low frequency focused ultrasound radiation force impulse, and uses relatively high frequency echo imaging to measure the transient strain generated in the tissue placed between the transducers. In this paper we describe a new system that implements this concept using a focused ultrasound surgical transducer to apply the transient (

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Source: http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=18532178
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Fwd: Clinical experiences with extracorporeal Ultrasound-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound treatment for cancer patients.

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From: HubMed - breast cancer <rssfwd@rssfwd.com>
Date: Sat, Jun 7, 2008 at 2:25 AM
Subject: Clinical experiences with extracorporeal Ultrasound-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound treatment for cancer patients.
To: mesothelioma77@gmail.com


[1]J Acoust Soc Am. 2008 May; 123(5): 2995
Wu F

Noninvasive, image-guided tumour thermal ablation with extracorporeal high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has received increasing interest in the treatment of patients with solid tumours. Since December 1997, an extracorporeal ultrasound-guided HIFU system (Mode-JC, Haifu Technology Co. Ltd., Chongqing, China) has been used to treat approximately 10,000 patients with solid tumours in China, including those of liver, breast, bone, kidney, pancreas, soft tissue, and uterus. The same device has been recently introduced into the UK, Italy, Japan, and South Korea, and so far, more than 1,000 patients have received HIFU treatment outside China. The purpose of this article is to introduce our clinical experiences using extracorporeal, ultrasound-guided HIFU ablation for solid tumours. Five-year follow-up data are observed in patients with primary liver cancer, breast cancer, and osteosarcoma. Among patients treated with HIFU, an extremely low major complication rate is observed. In conclusion, our clinical studies indicate that HIFU treatment is a safe, effective, and feasible modality in the treatment of cancer patients.



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Source: http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=18529307
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Fwd: The Individualization of Cancer Therapy: The Unexpected Role of p53.

---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: HubMed - breast cancer <rssfwd@rssfwd.com>
Date: Sat, Jun 7, 2008 at 2:25 AM
Subject: The Individualization of Cancer Therapy: The Unexpected Role of p53.
To: mesothelioma77@gmail.com


[1]Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc. 2006; 117: 85-101
Hait WN, Yang JM

Our laboratory discovered that p53 can regulate the sensitivity to cancer therapies by affecting three critical aspects of cancer pharmacology: 1). The expression of drug targets; 2). the access of drugs to intracellular targets; and the response to DNA damage. We review the effects of p53 on antimicrotubule drugs through transcriptional regulation of MAP4 and stathmin (Oncoprotein 18). These two p53-regulated proteins control microtubule dynamics, regulate the sensitivity to taxanes and vinca alkaloids by changing the polymerization dynamics of tubulin and affecting the binding of drugs to microtubules. We found that overexpression of MAP4 increased microtubule polymerization and increased taxane binding and sensitivity. Overexpression of stathmin, a microtubule destabilizer, virtually abolished cellular taxane binding and increased resistance by over 1000-fold. Yet, despite an increased binding of vinca alkaloids to stathmin transfectants, we did not observe increased drug sensitivity. This was explained, at least in part, by a delay in G2/M transit. We also discovered that p53 could regulate the expression of multidrug resistance protein-1 (MRP1), a member of the ABC family of transporters that mediates the sensitivity to vinca alkaloids and anthracyclines. We found that as prostate cancer progressed from low stage/low grade to high stage/high grade there was an increased expression of both MRP1 and staining for p53, a surrogate for p53 mutations. We went on to show that p53 regulated the expression of MRP1 and that this produced resistance to doxorubicin and vinblastine. We further demonstrated that MRP1 overexpression blocked the accumulation of flutamide and hydroxy-flutamide (the active metabolite) without affecting transport of dihydrotesterone, thereby blocking access of the anti-androgen but not the androgen to intracellular androgen receptors. Finally, we reviewed the effects of DNA damage on p53 expression and MAP4 repression as a means to increase the effectiveness of breast cancer treatment. These data demonstrated the possibility of individualizing treatment based on p53 status.



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Source: http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=18528466
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Fwd: A Scoring System to Predict Nonsentinel Lymph Node Status in Breast Cancer Patients with Metastatic Sentinel Lymph Nodes: A Comparison with Other Scoring Systems.

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From: HubMed - breast cancer <rssfwd@rssfwd.com>
Date: Sat, Jun 7, 2008 at 2:25 AM
Subject: A Scoring System to Predict Nonsentinel Lymph Node Status in Breast Cancer Patients with Metastatic Sentinel Lymph Nodes: A Comparison with Other Scoring Systems.
To: mesothelioma77@gmail.com


[1]Ann Surg Oncol. 2008 Jun 5;
Cho J, Han W, Lee JW, Ko E, Kang SY, Jung SY, Kim EK, Moon WK, Cho N, Park IA, Chung JK, Hwang KT, Kim SW, Noh DY

BACKGROUND: The majority of breast cancer patients with metastatic sentinel lymph node (SLN) do not harbor additional metastasis in non-SLN. It is unclear which patients with metastatic SLN require axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). The aim of this study was to identify predictive factors of non-SLN metastasis and to develop a scoring system. METHODS: The training dataset consisted of 184 breast cancer patients. The independent validation dataset consisted of 82 breast cancer patients. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was calculated to assess the discriminative power of the scoring systems. RESULTS: Multivariate analysis revealed that non-SLN status was predicted by preoperative ultrasonographic findings of the axilla, lymphovascular invasion, increasing tumor size, increasing number of metastatic SLN, and decreasing number of nonmetastatic SLN. Based on multivariate logistic regression, we developed a scoring system for predicting non-SLN metastasis. The AUC for our scoring system was superior to other published scoring systems when identical validation data were applied. CONCLUSION: The likelihood of metastatic non-SLN correlated with preoperative ultrasonographic findings of the axilla, increasing pathologic size of the primary tumor, presence of lymphovascular invasion, increasing number of metastatic SLN, and decreasing number of nonmetastatic SLN. Our scoring system appears to be effective and accurate for selecting patients for whom ALND can be avoided.



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Source: http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=18528729
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Fwd: High-resolution melting analysis for rapid screening of BRCA1 and BRCA2 Spanish mutations.

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From: HubMed - breast cancer <rssfwd@rssfwd.com>
Date: Sat, Jun 7, 2008 at 2:25 AM
Subject: High-resolution melting analysis for rapid screening of BRCA1 and BRCA2 Spanish mutations.
To: mesothelioma77@gmail.com


[1]Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2008 Jun 5;
de Juan I, Esteban E, Palanca S, Barragán E, Bolufer P

The majority of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation detection procedures include screening methods, all of which are time-consuming. High-resolution melting (HRM) is a promising pre-screening method of gene scanning that combines simplicity and rapid identification of genetic variants. We evaluated HRM in the screening of BRCA1/2 Spanish mutations. We studied 40 BRCA1 and 47 BRCA2 DNA samples with different Spanish mutations. We included a group of 20 unknown DNAs from patients with sporadic breast cancer (BC). The assay was performed with the LightCycler((R)) 480 Instrument (Roche). The HRM discriminates all the BRCA1/2 Spanish mutations studied from wild-type DNA. Besides, 54 out of 87 mutations were clearly differentiated from each other. In sporadic BC 11 polymorphisms and three unclassified variants were found in both genes. HRM is a valuable method for rapid screening of BRCA1/2 Spanish mutations and is capable of differentiating new genetic variants in PCR products.



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Source: http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=18528753
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